PowerShell's parameter binder uses the conversion that 3.1 fixed for
every -SecurityDescriptor parameter, so a descriptor that Get-Acl
returns, never meant for these cmdlets, now binds where it used to be
a binding error. Two more consequences of that surfaced:
With the default module setting GetInheritedFrom ($true), Get-NTFSAccess,
Get-NTFSAudit, Get-NTFSOrphanedAccess, and Get-NTFSOrphanedAudit stopped
with the InvalidOperationException that a previous fix added for a
descriptor without an item; a cmdlet user has no parameter to avoid it.
GetFileSystemAccessRules and GetFileSystemAuditRules now treat
getInheritedFrom as false for such a descriptor instead of throwing: the
entries come back with no source, the same as an entry whose source
Windows cannot name.
The private constructor that wraps a descriptor directly marked every
section, including Audit, as read; Get-Acl never reads Audit unless
-Audit is given. This made HasAuditSection wrongly report true, so the
existing #109 check let Get-NTFSAudit go on with no audit data instead
of reporting that the descriptor has none, and let Get-NTFSInheritance
report AuditInheritanceEnabled as a real value instead of null
(unknown). The constructor now includes Audit in the sections only when
the descriptor's binary form actually carries a SACL, the same test
HasSystemAcl already uses.
Get-NTFSOwner, Get-NTFSSimpleAccess, Get-NTFSOrphanedAccess,
Get-NTFSEffectiveAccess, and Add-/Remove-NTFSAccess with such a
descriptor already worked; Set-NTFSSecurityDescriptor already reported
a clear, non-terminating error. A review finding on the earlier fix is
also addressed: two assertions read a property through reflection
instead of a plain PowerShell property access, which silently turns a
throwing getter into $null without a trace and so could not tell a
getter that throws from one that legitimately returns null.
Every existing behavior for an item that is not null is unchanged.
Public signatures are unchanged.
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3.1 made a FileSystemSecurity2 without an item reachable from a .NET
caller (the conversions from FileSecurity and DirectorySecurity), but
six sibling call sites still dereferenced the item without checking it
first, so a caller who converted a FileSecurity or DirectorySecurity
and then read its entries, owner, inheritance, or effective access met
a NullReferenceException instead of a usable result.
GetFileSystemAccessRules and GetFileSystemAuditRules (the
FileSystemSecurity2 overload) now give each returned entry the same
null FullName that the descriptor itself reports; asking for the
source of an inherited entry (getInheritedFrom) needs the path of the
item, so it now throws one clear InvalidOperationException instead,
naming the reason, when the descriptor has none. FileSystemOwner and
FileSystemInheritanceInfo give a null FullName (and Name) the same
way; FileSystemOwner.ToString, which must never return null, gives an
empty string instead, since there is no other representation to fall
back to. The FileSystemAccessRule2(rule, item) constructor, which
EffectiveAccess.GetEffectiveAccess uses to build its result, now
accepts a null item the same way, so effective access can be
calculated for such a descriptor and the result names no path.
Every existing behavior for an item that is not null is unchanged;
only a .NET caller that reads such a descriptor can notice the
difference, and only for the better: a usable result or a clear error
instead of an unrelated NullReferenceException. Public signatures are
unchanged.
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AddFileSystemAccessRule(string, List<IdentityReference2>, ...) and
AddFileSystemAuditRule(string, List<IdentityReference2>, ...) were
iterator methods (yield return), so nothing happened until the caller
enumerated the result: called as a statement, or assigned to a variable
that the caller never reads, they changed nothing. Their siblings, the
overloads for FileSystemInfo and FileSystemSecurity2 with a list, and
the single-account overloads, already built a list and wrote at once.
Both overloads now build the list and add the entries before returning,
like their siblings; a call that is never enumerated now adds the
entries just the same. An exception that adding an entry raises changes
only in timing: it is now thrown by the call itself, not by the later
enumeration of its result. The returned collection still holds one rule
per account, in the order of the account list, for both a file path and
a folder path.
Public signatures are unchanged.
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Both methods built a LINQ query that filtered the explicit entries down
to the ones whose account was in the given list, but never used the
result: the loop right below removed every explicit entry of the
descriptor regardless of the list, including an empty one. The cmdlets
never pass a list, so only a .NET caller of Security2.dll that does is
affected.
A non-null list now removes only the explicit entries whose account is
one of the listed accounts (compared like the rest of the class does,
by IdentityReference2 equality of the entry's SID); null still removes
every explicit entry, and an empty list now removes none. Inherited
entries are still never touched, as before. Both the FileSystemSecurity2
overload (in-memory only, until a caller writes the descriptor) and the
FileSystemInfo overload (which also writes) are fixed, for access and
audit entries alike.
Public signatures are unchanged.
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Converting a FileSecurity or DirectorySecurity object to
FileSystemSecurity2 (for example `[Security2.FileSystemSecurity2]
$fileSecurity`) always threw, because the conversion ignored the
descriptor it was given and built the result from an empty path, which
AlphaFS rejects. The conversion now wraps the descriptor that was
passed: SecurityDescriptor is that same instance, IsFile reflects
whether it came from a FileSecurity or a DirectorySecurity, the round
trip back to FileSecurity/DirectorySecurity returns the same instance,
and Equals/GetHashCode keep comparing descriptors by reference.
The resulting object has no item, since it was never read from a file
or folder: FullName and Name are now null instead of throwing a
NullReferenceException, and Write() throws a clear
InvalidOperationException instead of a NullReferenceException deep in
SetSecurity. A caller can still write such an object by setting its
Item property first, or by calling Write(FileSystemInfo) or
Write(string) directly, neither of which depends on an item being set.
No cmdlet reaches this conversion; only a .NET caller of Security2.dll
that converts a FileSecurity/DirectorySecurity it built itself is
affected. Public signatures are unchanged.
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Get-NTFSEffectiveAccess returned no access and no error when Windows refused
to start the authorization manager for the computer of -ServerName.
Win32.GetEffectiveAccess ignored what the initialization threw (an outer
catch { }), so the result looked like an account without any rights. It
reproduces on Windows Server 2025 in both editions with a name of 32,718
characters or more, which fails with error 14, where a shorter name gets RPC
server unavailable and falls back to this computer.
One try/catch now records every exception, and the cmdlet writes a
GetEffectiveAccessError. The warning that the result is based on this computer
comes only with a result now: it also preceded an error, such as for an
account that Windows can't resolve when the computer can't be reached, which
the cmdlet page and the lab tests contradict.
Two tests failed first in Windows PowerShell 5.1 and PowerShell 7, as an
administrator and as a basic user, and pass in all four configurations. The
cmdlet page, the help file, and the CHANGELOG say what changed.
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IdentityReference2.Equals(string) lowercased both names with ToLower(), which uses the
culture of the thread. In tr-TR, I becomes U+0131, so an account whose name holds an
uppercase I (NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM, BUILTIN\Administrators) no longer matched the same name in
another case, for example $entry.Account -eq 'nt authority\system'. Compare with
StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase.
The test sets the culture of the thread to tr-TR and compares the system account with its name
in three cases. Before the fix it fails in all four configurations (elevated and basic user,
Windows PowerShell 5.1 and PowerShell 7); after it, all rows pass. The unit suite under tr-TR
did not find it, because no test compares a name that holds an uppercase I.
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On a computer in a domain, Get-NTFSEffectiveAccess wrote "Access is denied"
and no result for every user who wasn't an administrator of the computer,
also for the default -ServerName localhost and for every other name of this
computer. The remote interface of the authorization manager of a computer
answers only its administrators and the members of Access Control Assistance
Operators, and a computer in a domain offers that interface to every caller.
On a computer outside a domain the interface is not reachable, so the cmdlet
already used the local authorization manager there, which is why the tests
passed on the development host and on the CI runners.
For a name of this computer, the cmdlet now uses the local authorization
manager when the remote one refuses the user. That manager is the one the name
asks for, and it answered correctly in every probe on Windows Server 2019,
2022, and 2025 and on Windows 11: for a standard domain user, a local standard
user, and an administrator with a filtered token, for the user's own account,
Everyone, the Administrator of the computer, and the Administrator and Domain
Users of the domain. For the name of another computer, the denial stays an
error, as the cmdlet page and the live test of the delegated account describe.
Twenty tests of the suite failed in the basic-user mode on every domain-joined
machine of the operating-system matrix, with the published 5.0.0-rc7 code and
with the code before this change, and pass with it (Windows Server 2019: basic
user 782 and 780 passed, 0 failed, in Windows PowerShell and PowerShell 7). A
new live test runs the case as the administrator of the file server, who isn't
an administrator of the client.
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The module's own tests ran on Windows Server 2019, 2022, and 2025 and on
Windows 11 in the operating-system matrix. Two tests failed on every
domain-joined machine and passed on the development host:
- Get-NTFSInheritance -SecurityDescriptor reported AuditInheritanceEnabled
as $false for an item without audit entries, where -Path reported $true.
On these computers Windows reports the SACL as protected from
inheritance when it reads all sections together, and as not protected
when it reads the SACL alone. The descriptor now takes the audit section
from a separate read, like it already did for the access section. Write()
stores the sections that were read, so a descriptor with the wrong flag
would also have written the SACL back as protected.
- Get-NTFSEffectiveAccess -ServerName '' wrote an "Access is denied"
error on computers where Windows takes an empty name for this computer.
An empty name no longer asks the remote interface of the authorization
manager; the cmdlet warns and returns the result of this computer, like
for any name that can't be reached.
The existing tests that found them stay as the regression guards: they were
red on three virtual machines (Windows Server 2022 and 2025, Windows 11)
and are green after the change. Three tests are new: the audit state of a
file and a folder without audit entries, and of a file and a folder with
disabled audit inheritance, by path and by descriptor.
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A throw in a later command, or an error with -ErrorAction Stop, reaches a cmdlet through its Write call as an ordinary exception. The catch for the failures of an item reported it as the error of that item and went on, so that Remove-Item2 -PassThru removed the next item after a throw, and the caller never saw the exception. The earlier check found only the end of the pipeline and a break or continue. BaseCmdlet now notes the exception that its WriteObject, WriteVerbose, and WriteDebug raised, and every catch that can enclose a write passes it on; Get-DiskSpace writes outside its try. Set-NTFSSecurityDescriptor and Get-FileHash2 also caught it at a verbose message.
Get-ChildItem2 -Filter *.* returns every item, as Get-ChildItem does. The cmdlet compared each name with the pattern again and dropped the items without a dot, most folders among them; the dot stays an ordinary character in other patterns.
The failed lookup of InheritedFrom frees its native buffer. The help paragraph of -Filter has no pair of asterisks, which platyPS turns into emphasis, and the page has an example for *.*.
Review of the independent pass: the restored-owner test asserts that a plain write is denied, the drive-mapping helper has guard tests and takes letters that the no-volume tests do not, and the pipeline tests cover a throw, an error with -ErrorAction Stop, and the verbose and debug streams for every cmdlet that can reach the code.
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When Windows cannot name the folder of an inherited entry, such as for an item that was deleted after its descriptor was read or for a folder above it that the user cannot read, the module fills InheritedFrom with a fallback text. The callers removed the last character of every source, which belongs to the trailing backslash of a real folder, so the fallback read 'unknown paren'. The fallback also named an unknown parent for explicit entries, which have no source. Remove only a trailing backslash, and name an unknown parent for inherited entries only.
The regression tests fail without the fix in all four configurations for access entries and in both elevated configurations for audit entries. The cmdlet pages name the text, and the help file is generated again.
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Reproduce and fix public rule paths, simplified audit comparisons and ReadData conversion, and boxed privilege equality. Add behavior guards for descriptor inheritance, unresolved identities, audit capability and recursive denial. Freeze this source for Release matrix measurement; final gate evidence and independent review follow.
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Where a computer doesn't offer the remote interface of the authorization
manager, the cmdlet calculates the result with the local one and warns
that the result might be inaccurate. Only localhost in lowercase counted
as this computer, so the cmdlet warned that the computer couldn't be
reached for ., LOCALHOST, or the computer name, although the local result
is the result of that computer. A name of this computer is now localhost
in any case, ., the NetBIOS name, the DNS host name, or the fully
qualified domain name.
From the security-reviewer pass over be04cb7..4ee01e5 (Nit 7),
reproduced in Windows PowerShell 5.1 and PowerShell 7 on a workstation
without the remote interface.
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- The conversions of a FileSystemSecurity2 to FileSecurity and
DirectorySecurity returned fields that were never set, so they gave
null; they return the descriptor, and the dead fields are gone
(finding 1).
- Equals of the entries and descriptors accepted the .NET type as well,
which doesn't know the wrapper, so equality depended on the direction;
only an object of the module can now be equal (finding 2).
- Invoke-TestsAsBasicUser.ps1 refuses a title with a line break, also a
final one, which $ let through (finding 6).
- The InheritedFrom test of the access entries checks a known parent
folder with two explicit entries in front; it fails on acfe3af
(finding 7).
Checked and kept: a callback ACE before the inherited entries doesn't
shift InheritedFrom, because .NET returns it as a rule (finding 3).
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Equals of FileSystemAccessRule2, FileSystemAuditRule2, and
FileSystemSecurity2 cast its argument to the .NET type, which throws for
the wrapper types themselves: -eq and -contains, and in PowerShell 7 also
Select-Object -Unique and Compare-Object, stopped with an
InvalidCastException. GetHashCode of FileSystemSecurity2 read a field
that is never set and threw a NullReferenceException. Two objects are now
equal when they hold the same entry or descriptor, like the .NET types.
InheritedFrom: Win32.GetInheritedFrom returned the sources of the SACL
whenever the descriptor had one, also for the access entries, and the
callers gave the filtered entries of -ExcludeExplicit the sources of the
first entries of the ACL. Get-NTFSAccess -SecurityDescriptor stopped with
an ArgumentOutOfRangeException for a descriptor with audit entries, as
Get-NTFSSecurityDescriptor reads them in an elevated session. The method
now takes the ACL of the entries, and the callers map the sources before
they filter.
The coverage report of rc6 pointed at both; each test fails without its
fix.
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Two deviations from the cmdlet page, found by new tests from its
contract:
- An entry that grants only ReadData became None: the reduction tested
the combined Read mask, and nothing mapped ReadData alone. .NET adds
Synchronize to every allow entry, which hid it; other tools write such
entries.
- With -IncludeRootFolder, on by default, a relative path with a single
folder name had no parent folder in the result, because the parent was
taken from the path before it was resolved.
The tests also cover the rights reduction, the comparison of folders
with their parent, the pipeline, the current location, -ExcludeExplicit,
files, and missing paths, elevated and as a basic user in both editions.
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Get-NTFSEffectiveAccess -ServerName with a computer that can't be
resolved or reached returned no access, while it warned that it had
calculated the result on this computer. In that case,
AuthzInitializeRemoteResourceManager fails with RPC_S_SERVER_UNAVAILABLE
(1722); the code fell back to the local authorization manager only for
EPT_S_NOT_REGISTERED (1753), and GetEffectiveAccess swallowed the
exception. It now falls back for 1722 as well, as the cmdlet page
describes. The live tests in a lab found it; the new test in
Access.Tests.ps1 reproduces it on any computer.
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- Read the root folder for a volume name such as \\?\Volume{GUID}\ too,
like for a drive letter, and accept only the letters A to Z as a drive
- Report a security descriptor without the audit entries without naming a
missing Security privilege as the cause, which may not be the reason
- Skip the audit tests that change a descriptor from
Get-NTFSSecurityDescriptor in a session without the Security privilege
- Assert the absence of the old hint in the Get-NTFSEffectiveAccess test
- Narrow the drive-root note of Get-NTFSAccess to the security cmdlets
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- #41: for the root of a drive, the cmdlets read and changed the security
descriptor of the drive, a device object. FileSystemSecurity2 now routes
drive roots through the path-based AlphaFS methods, which keep the
trailing backslash; the removal and inheritance helpers use it too.
- #109: Add-, Remove-, and Clear-NTFSAudit report a security descriptor
without the audit entries like Get-NTFSAudit, through one helper, and
Get-NTFSEffectiveAccess names the cause that Windows reported instead
of a missing Security privilege.
- #108: Copy-Item2 and Move-Item2 check the destination only for an
operation that runs; with -WhatIf, a verbose message names the conflict.
- #111: Disable-Privileges skips the privileges that the token doesn't
hold, the privilege messages are spelled right, and Get-FileHash2
declares the type name of its objects; 05-Releasing.md documents the
release metadata tests.
- rc3 review leftovers: Remove-NTFSAudit writes nothing for an item
without a SACL, the owner retry of Set-NTFSSecurityDescriptor restores
the previous owner in a finally block and keeps an owner that the
descriptor sets, and FileSystemSecurity2.Write with another item writes
only the sections that were read.
Each fix has a test that failed first, in Windows PowerShell 5.1 and
PowerShell 7; writing a drive root was checked once on a temporary VHD.
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The access and audit cmdlets wrote the owner of an item back with the
entries they changed. For a DACL without the auto-inherit flag, Windows
returns the owner and the group even when only the DACL is read, and the
cmdlets wrote every section that the descriptor held. Without the Restore
privilege, or on a file server that refuses the owner, the write failed
with error 1307 (#34).
- Add-NTFSAccess, Clear-NTFSAccess, Add-NTFSAudit, and Clear-NTFSAudit
read only the DACL or the SACL. FileSystemSecurity2.Write(),
Remove-NTFSAccess, and Remove-NTFSAudit write only the sections they
read, which also fixes the access inheritance cmdlets.
- Read together with the SACL, the inherited entries of such a DACL lose
their inherited flag when the parent folder has no SACL, and the
cmdlets stored them as explicit copies. Get-NTFSSecurityDescriptor now
reads the DACL in a separate call.
- Set-NTFSSecurityDescriptor writes only the sections that changed since
they were read; an unchanged descriptor writes nothing (maintainer
decision of 2026-10-06).
- Clear-NTFSAudit writes nothing for an item without a SACL, and reports
an error without the Security privilege (maintainer decision).
The regression tests failed before and pass after the fix in Windows
PowerShell 5.1 and PowerShell 7, elevated and as a basic user.
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Enable-NTFSAuditInheritance, Disable-NTFSAuditInheritance, and
Set-NTFSInheritance -AuditInheritanceEnabled failed with "(5) Access is
denied" for a file or folder without a SACL, also elevated with the
Security privilege. The cmdlets read only the audit section and changed
the flag that disables or enables audit inheritance. AlphaFS writes that
flag only together with a SACL, so it wrote no section at all, which
Windows denies; the retry as owner repeated the same write. An empty SACL
is now added first, but only to a descriptor that was read with its SACL.
The elevated CI runs of #100 to #106 showed this through the test of an
omitted -AccessInheritanceEnabled. From #104 on, the test that keeps the
inherited entries of a security descriptor failed as well: elevated,
Get-NTFSSecurityDescriptor reads the SACL, and Windows then returns a DACL
that isn't in the auto-inherit format, such as that of a file in the temp
folder of the user, without its inherited flags. The test now reads the
access section only and checks that the descriptor has inherited entries.
Tests: five cases for items without audit entries, red with "Access is
denied" before the fix; the test that keeps the explicit audit entries now
checks the errors and the inheritance state of both calls; a test checks
that a descriptor read without its audit entries gets no SACL, which would
replace the audit entries of the item when it is written.
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The fix for #17 stopped adding Synchronize to an Allow rule with generic
rights, which bypassed the exact match of FileSystemSecurity.RemoveAccessRule:
-AccessRights GenericAll left a Synchronize-only entry behind when the entry
also had Synchronize. RemoveRule now does what FileSystemSecurity does,
without its validation: it removes a rule that matches an entry exactly as it
is, and otherwise without Synchronize. It covers every mask that .NET
rejects, not only the generic rights. The tests cover -RemoveSpecific, a
Deny entry, a partial generic mask, and that nothing else is removed.
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FileSystemSecurity.RemoveAccessRule rebuilds a rule that doesn't match an
entry exactly and rejects generic rights then, so removing an entry with
GENERIC_ALL failed with "The value '269484032' is not valid". Windows keeps
generic rights in the inherit-only entries of folders. Such a rule is now
removed through ModifyAccessRule, without the added Synchronize right
(#17).
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Get-FileHash2 failed in PowerShell 7 for every algorithm, because the hash
method referenced RIPEMD160, which .NET Core and later lack. RIPEMD160 and
MACTripleDES are now created by name; requesting one where .NET lacks it
stops the cmdlet with an error that names the algorithm and points to
Windows PowerShell 5.1. MACTripleDES uses a random key, so its result
differs on every call; the value is deprecated, and the cmdlet warns when
it is used.
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Write orphaned audit entries outside the read error handler, so that a
stopped pipeline isn't reported as a read error. Pass -RemoveSpecific
through the string path overload of RemoveFileSystemAuditRule, and state
on the Get-NTFSSimpleAccess page that the security descriptor of a file
is reported.
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Defect 17. Both cmdlets carried a removeSpecific field that no parameter
set, so they always took the rights away from matching entries; the
version history documents a -RemoveSpecific switch since 4.1. Both
cmdlets now have the switch, which removes only an entry that matches
exactly. The Security2 list overloads didn't pass the flag on, and the
audit item overload didn't support it; all overloads now do.
The applies-to field of both cmdlets is initialized; -AppliesTo is
mandatory in the Simple sets since defect 14, so it is always set when
used.
Tests: Access.Tests.ps1 3 tests, Audit.Tests.ps1 2 tests, on in-memory
security descriptors.
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Defect 15, all three parts:
- -ExcludeNoneAccessEntries had no effect: the result was written in a
finally block, so "continue" didn't skip it, and the check compared the
rights with None although .NET adds Synchronize to every allow rule. A
result is now written only after the checks, and Synchronize alone
counts as no access.
- Without -Path, BeginProcessing tested the path list for null, which it
never is, so the cmdlet wrote nothing. It now uses the current location,
like the other cmdlets.
- ProcessRecord ignored the SecurityDescriptor parameter set. A new
EffectiveAccess overload computes the effective access from an
in-memory security descriptor; the item overload uses it.
The Security privilege state that selects the error message was read into
a local variable that hid the field; the field is now set.
Tests/Access.Tests.ps1: 4 tests.
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Defect 8. For a security descriptor that was read without its SACL (no
Security privilege), Get-NTFSInheritance -SecurityDescriptor reported
AuditInheritanceEnabled as $true, because the protection flag of a
section that was never read is not set. It now reports $null, like the
Path parameter set, using the sections that FileSystemSecurity2 records
since defect 4.
Set-NTFSInheritance -SecurityDescriptor reads the same state, so it no
longer skips a requested audit change on such a descriptor as "equal".
Tests/Inheritance.Tests.ps1: 2 tests.
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Defect 7. FileSystemAuditRule2.GetFileSystemAuditRules set the
InheritanceEnabled property of every audit entry from
AreAccessRulesProtected, the protection of the DACL. It now uses
AreAuditRulesProtected, so the property, and the "Inheritance enabled"
header of the audit view, describe the audit entries.
Tests/Audit.Tests.ps1: 1 test on an in-memory security descriptor whose
SACL is protected and whose DACL is not.
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Defect 4, both parts:
- Get-NTFSAudit kept the entries of the previous item and wrote them in a
finally block, so a path whose security descriptor failed to read
returned the previous item's entries again. Each item now starts empty,
and entries are written only after a successful read.
- Without the Security privilege, the cmdlet read the descriptor without
its SACL and returned nothing, like an item without audit entries. It
now reads the SACL alone, so a missing privilege is a ReadSecurityError
("A required privilege is not held by the client"). A descriptor from
Get-NTFSSecurityDescriptor that was read without the SACL gets the same
error; FileSystemSecurity2 now records which sections it read
(internal, visible to NTFSSecurity).
Tests/Audit.Tests.ps1 (new): 3 tests. The repeat test needs the Security
privilege to add an audit entry and runs in CI.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: AI Assistant <ai@example.com>
- Require Windows PowerShell 5.1 or PowerShell 7 (PowerShellVersion
5.1, which CompatiblePSEditions needs) and .NET Framework 4.5.2, and
use RootModule instead of the deprecated ModuleToProcess. Before,
Test-ModuleManifest, and with it Publish-Module, failed.
- Export exactly the 36 cmdlets: remove Show-NTFSSimpleAccess, which no
longer exists, and the duplicate inheritance cmdlets.
- Keep -PassThur, the name in 4.2.6 and earlier, as an alias of
Remove-Item2 -PassThru, deprecated in the changelog.
- Set version 5.0.0 in the manifest, in NTFSSecurity, Security2, and
PrivilegeControl, and in a new 5.0.0 section of CHANGELOG.md.
- Tests/Manifest.Tests.ps1 and Tests/Remove-Item2.Tests.ps1 guard the
manifest, the versions, and the alias.
BREAKING CHANGE: the module requires Windows PowerShell 5.1 or
PowerShell 7; the manifest no longer claims PowerShell 2.0.
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: AI Assistant <ai@example.com>